HUBUNGAN PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN MP-ASI DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING DI PESISIR SUNGAI MUSI PALEMBANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54040/jpk.v15i1.304Keywords:
nutrition, ASI, MPASI, gizi, BalitaAbstract
Abstract: Stunting is a condition of impaired growth in children resulting from chronic nutritional deficiencies, with long-term consequences on cognitive development, immune function, and future productivity. Inappropriate practices of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding (MP-ASI), often influenced by low maternal knowledge and attitude, have been identified as major risk factors for stunting. This study aims to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding practices, maternal knowledge and attitudes related to MP-ASI, and the incidence of stunting among children under five in Palembang City. A cross-sectional study design was employed using a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 196 mothers with children aged 6–59 months across four sub-districts in Palembang City through multistage random sampling. Validated questionnaires were used as research instruments, and data were analyzed using the chi-square test. No significant association was found between knowledge (p=0.265) and attitude (p=0.652) regarding MP-ASI and stunting incidence. However, children of mothers with poor knowledge had a 2.175 times higher risk of stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding practices also showed no significant association with stunting (p=0.915), although children who were not exclusively breastfed had a 1.097 times higher risk of experiencing stunting. Although not statistically significant, low maternal knowledge on complementary feeding and lack of exclusive breastfeeding may increase the risk of stunting. Educational interventions promoting appropriate infant feeding practices are essential to reduce stunting prevalence in Palembang City.
Keywords: attitude, complementary feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, knowledge,stunting
Abstrak: Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak akibat kekurangan gizi kronis yang dapat berdampak jangka panjang terhadap perkembangan kognitif, imunitas, dan produktivitas di masa depan. Praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif dan MP-ASI yang tidak tepat, sering kali dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya pengetahuan dan sikap ibu, telah diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko penting terhadap kejadian stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara praktik pemberian ASI, pengetahuan, dan sikap terkait MP-ASI dengan kejadian stunting pada anak balita di Kota Palembang. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 196 ibu yang memiliki balita usia 6–59 bulan di empat kecamatan Kota Palembang menggunakan metode multistage random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang telah divalidasi dan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan (p=0,265) dan sikap (p=0,652) terkait MP-ASI dengan kejadian stunting. Meskipun demikian, anak dari ibu dengan pengetahuan yang kurang baik memiliki risiko 2,175 kali lebih tinggi mengalami stunting. Praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif juga tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,915), namun balita yang tidak menerima ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko 1,097 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting. Meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik, rendahnya pengetahuan ibu terkait MP-ASI dan tidak diberikannya ASI eksklusif berpotensi meningkatkan risiko stunting. Intervensi edukatif mengenai praktik pemberian makan yang tepat sangat penting untuk menurunkan angka stunting di Kota Palembang.
Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif, MP-ASI, pengetahuan, sikap, stunting
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